Arak is a city located in the Markazi province of Iran. The city has a long history that dates back to the pre-Islamic era. The name Arak is derived from the Persian word "Arkan," meaning "citadel," referring to the ancient citadel that was built on a nearby mountain.
Arak is located in the Zagros Mountains, which is a major mountain range in western Iran. The city is situated on the Tehran-Isfahan highway and serves as a major transportation hub for the region. The climate of Arak is moderate, with cold winters and hot summers.
The city has a population of approximately 526,182 people, according to the latest census in 2016. The population is predominantly Persian, with minorities of Azeris, Kurds, and Lurs. The majority of the population is Muslim, with a small minority of Christians and Jews.
The history of Arak can be traced back to the pre-Islamic era, where the city was a major center of the Sassanian Empire. During the Islamic period, Arak was an important center of Islamic learning, with many scholars and intellectuals living in the city.
In the early 20th century, Arak became a major industrial center, with the establishment of the Iran National Steel Industries Company (INSIC) in 1935. The city was also a center for the production of traditional Iranian handicrafts, such as textiles and ceramics.
During the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s, Arak played a significant role in the war effort, with the city serving as a major military base for the Iranian army. The city was targeted by Iraqi air strikes, causing significant damage to the city and its infrastructure.
In recent years, Arak has undergone significant development, with the construction of new housing complexes, shopping centers, and cultural centers. The city has also seen the establishment of new industries, such as pharmaceuticals and petrochemicals.
The political environment of Arak has been shaped by its strategic location, as well as its history as a major center of industry and commerce. The city has played an important role in the Iranian economy, and has been affected by political developments both domestically and internationally.
Arak is a city with a rich history and a vibrant culture. The city has been shaped by its geography, political environment, and economic development, and continues to play an important role in the region today.