Al-Khartoum Bahri, also known as Khartoum North, is a historically rich city situated at the confluence of the Blue Nile and White Nile rivers in Sudan. With its unique geographical location, it has played a significant role in the country's history and development.
Al-Khartoum Bahri has been inhabited for thousands of years, dating back to ancient civilizations. The region's strategic location made it an important trade hub, attracting various civilizations and contributing to its cultural diversity. The indigenous tribes, such as the Funj and Shilluk, lived in the area before the arrival of Arab settlers.
During the 19th century, the city gained prominence as Sudan became a focal point of European colonial ambitions. The Egyptian-Turkish ruler, Khedive Ismail, initiated the construction of modern infrastructure in Khartoum, including the establishment of government buildings, schools, and hospitals. However, the political environment of the time was unstable, as Egypt faced economic crises and increasing British influence.
The most significant event in the history of Al-Khartoum Bahri occurred in the late 19th century during the Mahdist Revolution. Led by Muhammad Ahmad, a Sudanese religious leader, the revolt aimed to overthrow foreign domination and establish an independent Sudanese state. In 1884, after a prolonged siege, the Mahdist forces captured Khartoum, including Al-Khartoum Bahri, and executed General Charles Gordon, the British governor-general. The Mahdi's rule brought about significant changes in the city's political and social landscape.
Under the Mahdist regime, Al-Khartoum Bahri experienced a period of religious and social transformation. Islamic law was implemented, and the city became a center for Islamic education and religious activities. However, the Mahdi's rule was short-lived, as the Anglo-Egyptian forces, led by General Herbert Kitchener, launched a successful military campaign to recapture Sudan in 1898. The Battle of Omdurman, fought near Al-Khartoum Bahri, marked the end of the Mahdist era and the beginning of British colonial rule.
During the colonial period, Khartoum, including Al-Khartoum Bahri, became the administrative center of Sudan. The British established their presence through the construction of railways, bridges, and other infrastructure projects. These developments contributed to the city's urbanization and population growth.
In the mid-20th century, Sudanese nationalism and demands for independence grew stronger. Political parties and movements advocating for self-rule emerged in Khartoum, including Al-Khartoum Bahri. The city became a hub for political activities and protests against colonial rule. Eventually, Sudan gained independence from Britain in 1956, marking a new era in the country's history.
Following independence, Al-Khartoum Bahri continued to play a crucial role in Sudanese politics and development. It served as a center for government institutions, foreign embassies, and commercial activities. The city's population steadily increased, driven by rural-urban migration and economic opportunities.